Installing Sphinx

Overview

Sphinx is written in Python and supports Python 3.9+. It builds upon the shoulders of many third-party libraries such as Docutils and Jinja, which are installed when Sphinx is installed.

Linux

Debian/Ubuntu

Install either python3-sphinx using apt-get:

$ apt-get install python3-sphinx

If it not already present, this will install Python for you.

RHEL, CentOS

Install python-sphinx using yum:

$ yum install python-sphinx

If it not already present, this will install Python for you.

Other distributions

Most Linux distributions have Sphinx in their package repositories. Usually the package is called python3-sphinx, python-sphinx or sphinx. Be aware that there are at least two other packages with sphinx in their name: a speech recognition toolkit (CMU Sphinx) and a full-text search database (Sphinx search).

macOS

Sphinx can be installed using Homebrew, MacPorts, or as part of a Python distribution such as Anaconda.

Homebrew

$ brew install sphinx-doc

For more information, refer to the package overview.

MacPorts

Install either python3x-sphinx using port:

$ sudo port install py39-sphinx

To set up the executable paths, use the port select command:

$ sudo port select --set python python39
$ sudo port select --set sphinx py39-sphinx

For more information, refer to the package overview.

Anaconda

$ conda install sphinx

Windows

Sphinx can be install using Chocolatey or installed manually.

Chocolatey

$ choco install sphinx

You would need to install Chocolatey before running this.

For more information, refer to the chocolatey page.

Other Methods

Most Windows users do not have Python installed by default, so we begin with the installation of Python itself. To check if you already have Python installed, open the Command Prompt (⊞Win-r and type cmd). Once the command prompt is open, type python --version and press Enter. If Python is installed, you will see the version of Python printed to the screen. If you do not have Python installed, refer to the Hitchhikers Guide to Python’s Python on Windows installation guides. You must install Python 3.

Once Python is installed, you can install Sphinx using pip. Refer to the pip installation instructions below for more information.

Installation from PyPI

Sphinx packages are published on the Python Package Index. The preferred tool for installing packages from PyPI is pip. This tool is provided with all modern versions of Python.

On Linux or MacOS, you should open your terminal and run the following command.

$ pip install -U sphinx

On Windows, you should open Command Prompt (⊞Win-r and type cmd) and run the same command.

C:\> pip install -U sphinx

After installation, type sphinx-build --version on the command prompt. If everything worked fine, you will see the version number for the Sphinx package you just installed.

Installation from PyPI also allows you to install the latest development release. You will not generally need (or want) to do this, but it can be useful if you see a possible bug in the latest stable release. To do this, use the --pre flag.

$ pip install -U --pre sphinx

Using virtual environments

When installing Sphinx using pip, it is highly recommended to use virtual environments, which isolate the installed packages from the system packages, thus removing the need to use administrator privileges. To create a virtual environment in the .venv directory, use the following command.

$ python -m venv .venv

You can read more about them in the Python Packaging User Guide.

Warning

Note that in some Linux distributions, such as Debian and Ubuntu, this might require an extra installation step as follows.

$ apt-get install python3-venv

Docker

Docker images for Sphinx are published on the Docker Hub. There are two kind of images:

• sphinxdoc/sphinx

• sphinxdoc/sphinx-latexpdf

Former one is used for standard usage of Sphinx, and latter one is mainly used for PDF builds using LaTeX. Please choose one for your purpose.

Note

sphinxdoc/sphinx-latexpdf contains TeXLive packages. So the image is very large (over 2GB!).

Hint

When using docker images, please use docker run command to invoke sphinx commands. For example, you can use following command to create a Sphinx project:

$ docker run -it --rm -v /path/to/document:/docs sphinxdoc/sphinx sphinx-quickstart

And you can use the following command to build HTML document:

$ docker run --rm -v /path/to/document:/docs sphinxdoc/sphinx make html

For more details, please read README file of docker images.

Installation from source

You can install Sphinx directly from a clone of the Git repository. This can be done either by cloning the repo and installing from the local clone, on simply installing directly via git.

$ git clone https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx
$ cd sphinx
$ pip install .

$ pip install git+https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx

You can also download a snapshot of the Git repo in either tar.gz or zip format. Once downloaded and extracted, these can be installed with pip as above.