Pythonドメイン

Added in version 1.0.

Pythonドメイン(py)では、モジュールの説明のために、次のようなディレクティブを提供しています:

.. py:module:: name

This directive marks the beginning of the description of a module (or package submodule, in which case the name should be fully qualified, including the package name). A description of the module such as the docstring can be placed in the body of the directive.

このディレクティブを使用すると、グローバルなモジュール索引に項目が追加されます。

バージョン 5.2 で変更: Module directives support body content.

options

:platform: platforms (comma separated list)

Indicate platforms which the module is available (if it is available on all platforms, the option should be omitted). The keys are short identifiers; examples that are in use include "IRIX", "Mac", "Windows" and "Unix". It is important to use a key which has already been used when applicable.

:synopsis: purpose (text)

Consist of one sentence describing the module's purpose -- it is currently only used in the Global Module Index.

:deprecated: (no argument)

Mark a module as deprecated; it will be designated as such in various locations then.

.. py:currentmodule:: name

このディレクティブはSphinxに対して、この行以降のクラスや関数などが、指定された与えられたモジュール (py:module のように)の中にある、ということを通知します。これを使用しても、索引のエントリーは作成されません。 py:mod へのリンクターゲットも作成されません。このディレクティブは、モジュールに含まれる項目へのドキュメントが様々なファイルやセクションに分割されている場合に便利です。この場合には一カ所だけ py:module ディレクティブを使用して、他の箇所で py:currentmodule を使用するようにします。

モジュールとクラスの中の構成要素を記述するために、次のようなディレクティブが提供されています:

.. py:function:: name(parameters)

.. py:function:: name[type parameters](parameters)

Describes a module-level function. The signature should include the parameters, together with optional type parameters, as given in the Python function definition, see Pythonシグニチャ. For example:

.. py:function:: Timer.repeat(repeat=3, number=1_000_000)
.. py:function:: add[T](a: T, b: T) -> T

メソッドには py:method を使用します。

説明には一般的に、パラメータに必要な関する情報と、それらがどのように使用されるのか(変更可能なオブジェクトが渡されたときに、変更されるのかどうか)、副作用、投げられる可能性のある例外の情報を含めます。

この情報は 詳細情報フィールドのリスト にあるデータ構造で表現できます(他のpyドメインのディレクティブでも同様です)。

options

:async: (no value)

Indicate the function is an async function.

Added in version 2.1.

:canonical: (full qualified name including module name)

Describe the location where the object is defined if the object is imported from other modules

Added in version 4.0.

:single-line-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensures that the function's arguments will be emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

Added in version 7.1.

:single-line-type-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensure that the function's type parameters are emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

Added in version 7.1.

.. py:data:: name

Describes global data in a module, including both variables and values used as "defined constants." Consider using py:type for type aliases instead and py:attribute for class variables and instance attributes.

options

:type: type of the variable (text)

This will be parsed as a Python expression for cross-referencing the type annotation. As such, the argument to :type: should be a valid annotation expression.

注意

The valid syntax for the :type: directive option differs from the syntax for the :type: info field. The :type: directive option does not understand reStructuredText markup or the or or of keywords, meaning unions must use | and sequences must use square brackets, and roles such as :ref:`...` cannot be used.

Added in version 2.4.

:value: initial value of the variable (text)

Added in version 2.4.

:canonical: (full qualified name including module name)

Describe the location where the object is defined if the object is imported from other modules

Added in version 4.0.

.. py:exception:: name

.. py:exception:: name(parameters)

.. py:exception:: name[type parameters](parameters)

Describes an exception class. The signature can, but need not include parentheses with constructor arguments, or may optionally include type parameters (see PEP 695).

options

:final: (no value)

Indicate the class is a final class.

Added in version 3.1.

:single-line-parameter-list: (no value)

See py:class:single-line-parameter-list.

Added in version 7.1.

:single-line-type-parameter-list: (no value)

See py:class:single-line-type-parameter-list.

Added in version 7.1.

.. py:class:: name

.. py:class:: name(parameters)

.. py:class:: name[type parameters](parameters)

Describes a class. The signature can optionally include type parameters (see PEP 695) or parentheses with parameters which will be shown as the constructor arguments. See also Pythonシグニチャ.

このクラスに属する属性とメソッドのディレクティブはこのディレクティブの本体の中に記述します。このクラスの外に書いた場合は、提供された名前にクラス名が含まれていれば、クロスリファレンスは動作します。サンプル:

.. py:class:: Foo

   .. py:method:: quux()

-- or --

.. py:class:: Bar

.. py:method:: Bar.quux()

最初の書き方が推奨です。

options

:abstract: (no value)

Indicate that the class is an abstract base class. This produces the following output:

abstract class Cheese

A cheesy representation.

Added in version 8.2.

:canonical: (full qualified name including module name)

Describe the location where the object is defined if the object is imported from other modules

Added in version 4.0.

:final: (no value)

Indicate the class is a final class.

Added in version 3.1.

:single-line-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensures that the class constructor's arguments will be emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

Added in version 7.1.

:single-line-type-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensure that the class type parameters are emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

.. py:attribute:: name

Describes an object data attribute. The description should include information about the type of the data to be expected and whether it may be changed directly. Type aliases should be documented with py:type.

options

:type: type of the attribute (text)

This will be parsed as a Python expression for cross-referencing the type annotation. As such, the argument to :type: should be a valid annotation expression.

注意

The valid syntax for the :type: directive option differs from the syntax for the :type: info field. The :type: directive option does not understand reStructuredText markup or the or or of keywords, meaning unions must use | and sequences must use square brackets, and roles such as :ref:`...` cannot be used.

Added in version 2.4.

:value: initial value of the attribute (text)

Added in version 2.4.

:canonical: (full qualified name including module name)

Describe the location where the object is defined if the object is imported from other modules

Added in version 4.0.

.. py:property:: name

Describes an object property.

Added in version 4.0.

options

:abstract: (no value)

:abstractmethod: (no value)

Indicate the property is abstract. This produces the following output:

abstract property Cheese.amount_in_stock

Cheese levels at the National Cheese Emporium.

バージョン 8.2 で変更: The :abstract: alias is also supported.

:classmethod: (no value)

Indicate the property is a classmethod.

Added in version 4.2.

:type: type of the property (text)

This will be parsed as a Python expression for cross-referencing the type annotation. As such, the argument to :type: should be a valid annotation expression.

注意

The valid syntax for the :type: directive option differs from the syntax for the :type: info field. The :type: directive option does not understand reStructuredText markup or the or or of keywords, meaning unions must use | and sequences must use square brackets, and roles such as :ref:`...` cannot be used.

.. py:type:: name

Describe a type alias.

The type that the alias represents should be described with the canonical option. This directive supports an optional description body.

例:

.. py:type:: UInt64

   Represent a 64-bit positive integer.

will be rendered as follows:

type UInt64

Represent a 64-bit positive integer.

options

:canonical: (text)

The canonical type represented by this alias, for example:

.. py:type:: StrPattern
   :canonical: str | re.Pattern[str]

   Represent a regular expression or a compiled pattern.

次のようにレンダリングされます:

type StrPattern = str | re.Pattern[str]

Represent a regular expression or a compiled pattern.

Added in version 7.4.

.. py:method:: name(parameters)

.. py:method:: name[type parameters](parameters)

オブジェクトのメソッドの説明をします。パラメータからは self パラメータははずします。この説明には function と同じ情報を記述するようにします。 Pythonシグニチャ と 詳細情報フィールドのリスト も参照してください。

options

:abstract: (no value)

:abstractmethod: (no value)

Indicate the method is an abstract method. This produces the following output:

abstractmethod Cheese.order_more_stock()

Order more cheese (we're fresh out!).

Added in version 2.1.

バージョン 8.2 で変更: The :abstract: alias is also supported.

:async: (no value)

Indicate the method is an async method.

Added in version 2.1.

:canonical: (full qualified name including module name)

Describe the location where the object is defined if the object is imported from other modules

Added in version 4.0.

:classmethod: (no value)

Indicate the method is a class method.

Added in version 2.1.

:final: (no value)

Indicate the method is a final method.

Added in version 3.1.

:single-line-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensures that the method's arguments will be emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

Added in version 7.1.

:single-line-type-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensure that the method's type parameters are emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

Added in version 7.2.

:staticmethod: (no value)

Indicate the method is a static method.

Added in version 2.1.

.. py:staticmethod:: name(parameters)

.. py:staticmethod:: name[type parameters](parameters)

py:method とほぼ一緒ですが、メソッドがスタティックメソッドであるということを表します。

Added in version 0.4.

.. py:classmethod:: name(parameters)

.. py:classmethod:: name[type parameters](parameters)

py:method とほぼ一緒ですが、メソッドがクラスメソッドであるということを表します。

Added in version 0.6.

.. py:decorator:: name

.. py:decorator:: name(parameters)

.. py:decorator:: name[type parameters](parameters)

デコレーターを説明します。このシグニチャにはデコレーターの使い方を記述します。例えばこの関数は

def removename(func):
    func.__name__ = ''
    return func

def setnewname(name):
    def decorator(func):
        func.__name__ = name
        return func
    return decorator

次のように説明を書くことが出来ます

.. py:decorator:: removename

   Remove name of the decorated function.

.. py:decorator:: setnewname(name)

   Set name of the decorated function to *name*.

(.. py:decorator:: removename(func) とは対象的です)

Refer to a decorator function using the py:deco role.

:single-line-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensures that the decorator's arguments will be emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

Added in version 7.1.

:single-line-type-parameter-list: (no value)

Ensure that the decorator's type parameters are emitted on a single logical line, overriding python_maximum_signature_line_length and maximum_signature_line_length.

Added in version 7.2.

.. py:decoratormethod:: name

.. py:decoratormethod:: name(signature)

.. py:decoratormethod:: name[type parameters](signature)

py:decorator とほぼ同じですが、対象がメソッドになります。

Refer to a decorator method using the py:deco role.

Pythonシグニチャ

Signatures of functions, methods and class constructors can be given like they would be written in Python. This can include default values, positional-only or keyword-only parameters, type annotations, and type parameters. For example:

.. py:function:: compile(source: str, filename: Path, symbol: str = 'file') -> ast.AST

compile(source: str, filename: Path, symbol: str = 'file') → ast.AST

For functions with optional parameters that don't have default values (typically functions implemented in C extension modules without keyword argument support), you can list multiple versions of the same signature in a single directive:

compile(source)

compile(source, filename)

compile(source, filename, symbol)

Another approach is to use square brackets to specify the optional parts. When using square brackets, it is customary to place the opening bracket before the comma ([,).

compile(source[, filename[, symbol]])

Python 3.12 introduced type parameters, which are type variables declared directly within the class or function definition:

class AnimalList[AnimalT](list[AnimalT]):
    ...

def add[T](a: T, b: T) -> T:
    return a + b

The corresponding reStructuredText markup would be:

.. py:class:: AnimalList[AnimalT]

.. py:function:: add[T](a: T, b: T) -> T

参考

PEP 695 and PEP 696, for details and the full specification.

詳細情報フィールドのリスト

Added in version 0.4.

バージョン 3.0 で変更: meta fields are added.

Inside Python object description directives, reStructuredText field lists with these fields are recognized and formatted nicely:

• param, parameter, arg, argument, key, keyword: 引数の説明です。

• type: 引数の型です。可能ならリンクを生成します。

• raises, raise, except, exception: この中から投げられる例外(いつ投げられるか？)を定義します

• var, ivar, cvar: 変数の説明をします

• vartype: 変数の型です。可能ならリンクを生成します。

• returns, return: 返り値の値について説明をします

• rtype: 返り値の型です。可能ならリンクを生成します。

• meta: Add metadata to description of the python object. The metadata will not be shown on output document. For example, :meta private: indicates the python object is private member. It is used in sphinx.ext.autodoc for filtering members.

注釈

In current release, all var, ivar and cvar are represented as "Variable". There is no difference at all.

フィールドは、 return, rtype 以外の場合は、上記のキーワードのうち、どれかと、引数を一つが引数として設定されています。 return, rtype だけは引数を取りません。サンプルを見ていただくのが一番でしょう:

.. py:function:: send_message(sender, recipient, message_body, [priority=1])

   Send a message to a recipient

   :param str sender: The person sending the message
   :param str recipient: The recipient of the message
   :param str message_body: The body of the message
   :param priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5
   :type priority: int or None
   :return: the message id
   :rtype: int
   :raises ValueError: if the message_body exceeds 160 characters
   :raises TypeError: if the message_body is not a basestring

これは次のようにレンダリングされます:

send_message(sender, recipient, message_body[, priority=1])

Send a message to a recipient

パラメータ:

• sender (str) -- The person sending the message

• recipient (str) -- The recipient of the message

• message_body (str) -- The body of the message

• priority (int or None) -- The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5

戻り値:

the message id

戻り値の型:

int

例外:

• ValueError -- if the message_body exceeds 160 characters

• TypeError -- if the message_body is not a basestring

型情報が一語で表せる場合には、属性の型と説明をひとつにまとめることもできます:

:param int priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5

Added in version 1.5.

Container types such as lists and dictionaries can be linked automatically using the following syntax:

:type priorities: list(int)
:type priorities: list[int]
:type mapping: dict(str, int)
:type mapping: dict[str, int]
:type point: tuple(float, float)
:type point: tuple[float, float]

Multiple types in a type field will be linked automatically if separated by either the vertical bar (|) or the word "or":

:type an_arg: int or None
:vartype a_var: str or int
:rtype: float or str

:type an_arg: int | None
:vartype a_var: str | int
:rtype: float | str

Pythonオブジェクトのクロススリファンレス

以下のロールを使用すると、モジュール内のオブジェクトを参照できます。一致する識別子が見つかれば、ハイパーリンクが作成されます:

:py:mod:

モジュールへの参照です。ドットで区切られた名前も使用できます。これはパッケージ名としても利用可能です。

:py:func:

Pythonの関数への参照です。ドットで区切られた名前も使用できます。ロールのテキストは読みやすさのために括弧を後ろに含める必要はありません。 add_function_parentheses 設定値を True (デフォルト)にしておくと、Sphinxが自動で括弧を追加します。

:py:deco:

Reference a Python decorator; dotted names may be used. The rendered output will be prepended with an at-sign (@), for example: :py:deco:`removename` produces @removename.

:py:data:

モジュール変数を参照します。

:py:const:

「定義済み」定数です。変更して欲しくないPythonの変数にも使えます。

:py:class:

クラス名です。ドットで区切られた名前も使用できます。

:py:meth:

オブジェクトのメソッドへの参照です。ロールのテキストには型名とメソッド名を含めなければなりません。ただし、型の記述中に書く場合には省略もできます。ドットで区切られた名前も使用できます。

:py:attr:

オブジェクトの属性への参照です。

注釈

The role is also able to refer to property.

:py:type:

Reference a type alias.

:py:exc:

例外への参照です。ドットで区切られた名前も使用できます。

:py:obj:

型が指定されていないオブジェクトの名前です。 default_role 一緒に使用すると便利です。

Added in version 0.4.

Target specification

The target can be specified as a fully qualified name (e.g. :py:meth:`my_module.MyClass.my_method`) or any shortened version (e.g. :py:meth:`MyClass.my_method` or :py:meth:`my_method`). See target resolution for details on the resolution of shortened names.

Cross-referencing modifiers can be applied. In short:

• You may supply an explicit title and reference target: :py:mod:`mathematical functions <math>` will refer to the math module, but the link text will be "mathematical functions".

• If you prefix the content with an exclamation mark (!), no reference/hyperlink will be created.

• If you prefix the content with ~, the link text will only be the last component of the target. For example, :py:meth:`~queue.Queue.get` will refer to queue.Queue.get but only display get as the link text.

Target resolution

A given link target name is resolved to an object using the following strategy:

Names in these roles are searched first without any further qualification, then with the current module name prepended, then with the current module and class name (if any) prepended.

If you prefix the name with a dot (.), this order is reversed. For example, in the documentation of Python's codecs module, :py:func:`open` always refers to the built-in function, while :py:func:`.open` refers to codecs.open().

属性名が、現在のクラスのものかどうかを決定するのにも、同様の名前検索の仕組みが使用されます。

Also, if the name is prefixed with a dot, and no exact match is found, the target is taken as a suffix and all object names with that suffix are searched. For example, :py:meth:`.TarFile.close` references the tarfile.TarFile.close() function, even if the current module is not tarfile. Since this can get ambiguous, if there is more than one possible match, you will get a warning from Sphinx.

~ と . をオブジェクトの識別子の前に組み合わせることができます。 :py:meth:`~.TarFile.close` と指定されると、 tarfile.TarFile.close() が参照されますが、実際に文章中に表示されるのは、 close() となります。

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