ディレクティブ¶
As previously discussed, a directive is a generic block of explicit markup. While Docutils provides a number of directives, Sphinx provides many more and uses directives as one of the primary extension mechanisms.
See Domains for roles added by domains.
参考
Refer to the reStructuredText Primer for an overview of the directives provided by Docutils.
Table of contents¶
Since reStructuredText does not have facilities to interconnect several documents,
or split documents into multiple output files,
Sphinx uses a custom directive to add relations between
the single files the documentation is made of, as well as tables of contents.
The toctree
directive is the central element.
注釈
単純に一つのファイルを別のファイルに"挿入"する場合、 include ディレクティブを使えます。
注釈
To create table of contents for current document (.rst file), use the standard reStructuredText contents directive.
- .. toctree::¶
このディレクティブは"目次のツリー"を現在の場所に挿入します。目次の生成には、ディレクティブ本体で指定された関連ドキュメントの中の個別の目次("サブ目次ツリー"も含む)も使用されます。(
/
で始まらない)相対的なドキュメント名が指定された場合は現在のドキュメントからの相対パスとして、絶対的なドキュメント名が指定された場合はソースディレクトリからの相対パスとして、それぞれ取り扱われます。maxdepth
オプションの数値を設定すると、ツリーの深さを設定できます。デフォルトではすべての階層を含むツリーが作成されます。 [1]The representation of "TOC tree" is changed in each output format. The builders that output multiple files (e.g. HTML) treat it as a collection of hyperlinks. On the other hand, the builders that output a single file (e.g. LaTeX, man page, etc.) replace it with the content of the documents on the TOC tree.
このサンプルを見てください。このサンプルはPythonドキュメントのライブラリリファレンスからの引用です:
.. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 intro strings datatypes numeric (many more documents listed here)
このディレクティブは二つのことを行っています。
ここで指定されたファイル群(intro, stringsなど)の項目も取り込んで目次を作成しています。最大の深さは2に指定されています。つまり、関連するドキュメントからトップの1階層分の項目を取得してきて目次に挿入しています。指定されたファイルに
toctree
ディレクティブがあればそれも利用されます。Sphinxはこのディレクティブから、関連するドキュメントが
intro
,strings
という順番を持っていて、これらのファイルがライブラリインデックスの子供であるという情報を収集します。これらの情報を使って、"next chapter", "previous chapter", "parent chapter"というリンクが作成されます。
エントリー
Document titles in the
toctree
will be automatically read from the title of the referenced document. If that isn't what you want, you can specify an explicit title and target using a similar syntax to reStructuredText hyperlinks (and Sphinx's cross-referencing syntax). This looks like:.. toctree:: intro All about strings <strings> datatypes
上記のサンプルの2行目は
strings
ドキュメントへのリンクになります。デフォルトの動作ではstrings
ドキュメントのタイトルが使用されますが、ここでは"文字列のすべて"という文字列がタイトルとして使用されます。また、ドキュメント名の代わりに、HTTPのURLを指定することで外部へのリンクも追加できます。
self
は特別なエントリー名として扱われます。toctreeディレクティブを含むドキュメント自身を表します。これは、toctreeを使用して、"サイトマップ"を作成したい場合に便利です。最後になりますが ソースディレクトリ (サブディレクトリも含む)の中のドキュメントは、いずれかの
toctree
ディレクティブの中にリストアップされなければいけません。ソースフォルダには置いてあるが、リストアップされていないファイルがあると、通常のナビゲーションではそのファイルに到達できないということになるため、Sphinxは警告を出力します。exclude_patterns
を使って明示することで、ビルド対象からドキュメントを外すこともできます。ドキュメントをビルドさせる場合には the "orphan" metadata を使用して下さい、toctreeを通じて到達できないことをSphinxへ知らせます。The "root document" (selected by
root_doc
) is the "root" of the TOC tree hierarchy. It can be used as the documentation's main page, or as a "full table of contents" if you don't give a:maxdepth:
option.バージョン 0.6 で変更: Added support for external links and "self" references.
オプション
- :class: class names (a list of class names, separated by spaces)¶
Assign class attributes. This is a common option. For example:
.. toctree:: :class: custom-toc
Added in version 7.4.
- :name: label (text)¶
An implicit target name that can be referenced using
ref
. This is a common option. For example:.. toctree:: :name: mastertoc foo
Added in version 1.3.
Add a caption to the toctree. For example:
.. toctree:: :caption: Table of Contents foo
Added in version 1.3.
- :numbered:¶
- :numbered: depth
If you want to have section numbers even in HTML output, add the
:numbered:
option to the top-level toctree. For example:.. toctree:: :numbered: foo bar
Section numbering then starts at the heading of
foo
. Sub-toctrees are automatically numbered (don't give thenumbered
flag to those).特定の深さまでのナンバリングだけを行うこともできます。
numbered
オプションに対して、数値で深さを指定してください。Added in version 0.6.
バージョン 1.1 で変更: Added the numeric depth argument.
- :titlesonly:¶
Only list document titles, not other headings of the same level. For example:
.. toctree:: :titlesonly: foo bar
Added in version 1.0.
- :glob:¶
Parse glob wildcards in toctree entries. All entries are matched against the list of available documents, and matches are inserted into the list alphabetically. For example:
.. toctree:: :glob: intro* recipe/* *
このディレクティブの先頭では、名前が
intro
で始まるすべてのドキュメントが挿入されます。その次には、recipe
フォルダの中の全てのドキュメントが挿入されます。最後に、一度も挿入されていない、残ったドキュメントが挿入されます。 [2]Added in version 0.3.
- :reversed:¶
Reverse the order of the entries in the list. This is particularly useful when using the
:glob:
option.Added in version 1.5.
A hidden toctree only defines the document hierarchy. It will not insert links into the document at the location of the directive.
This makes sense if you have other means of navigation, e.g. through manual links, HTML sidebar navigation, or if you use the
:includehidden:
option on the top-level toctree.Added in version 0.6.
If you want one global table of contents showing the complete document structure, you can add the
:includehidden:
option to the top-level toctree directive. All other toctrees on child pages can then be made invisible with the:hidden:
option. The top-level toctree with:includehidden:
will then include their entries.Added in version 1.2.
特別なドキュメント名¶
Sphinxはいくつかのドキュメント名を、自分で使用するために予約済みとしています。これらの名前を持つドキュメントを作ろうとしてはいけません。問題が発生することになります。
以下の名前(もしくはこれらから作られるページ名)が特別なドキュメント名です:
genindex
This is used for the general index, which is populated with entries from
index
directives and all index-generating object descriptions. For example, see Sphinx's 索引.modindex
This is used for the Python module index, which contains one entry per
py:module
directive. For example, see Sphinx's Pythonモジュール索引.search
This is used for the search page, which contains a form that uses the generated JSON search index and JavaScript to full-text search the generated documents for search words; it works on every major browser. For example, see Sphinx's 検索ページ.
Every name beginning with
_
Though few such names are currently used by Sphinx, you should not create documents or document-containing directories with such names. (Using
_
as a prefix for a custom template directory is fine.)
警告
Be careful with unusual characters in filenames. Some formats may interpret these characters in unexpected ways:
Do not use the colon
:
for HTML based formats. Links to other parts may not work.Do not use the plus
+
for the ePub format. Some resources may not be found.
パラグラフ階層のマークアップ¶
These directives create short paragraphs and can be used inside information units as well as normal text.
Admonitions, messages, and warnings¶
The admonition directives create 'admonition' elements,
a standardised system of communicating different types of information,
from a helpful tip
to matters of paramount danger
.
These directives can be used anywhere an ordinary body element can,
and can contain arbitrary body elements.
There are nine specific named admonitions
and the generic admonition
directive.
- .. attention::¶
Information that requires the reader's attention. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
注意
Please may I have your attention.
- .. caution::¶
Information with regard to which the reader should exercise care. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
注意
Exercise due caution.
- .. danger::¶
Information which may lead to near and present danger if not heeded. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
危険
Let none think to fly the danger for soon or late love is his own avenger.
- .. error::¶
Information relating to failure modes of some description. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
エラー
ERROR 418: I'm a teapot.
- .. hint::¶
Information that is helpful to the reader. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
ヒント
Look under the flowerpot.
- .. important::¶
Information that is of paramount importance and which the reader must not ignore. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
重要
This is a statement of paramount importance.
- .. note::¶
An especially important bit of information that the reader should know. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
注釈
This function is not suitable for sending tins of spam.
- .. tip::¶
Some useful tidbit of information for the reader. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
Tip
Remember your sun cream!
- .. warning::¶
An important bit of information that the reader should be very aware of. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
警告
Beware of the dog.
- .. admonition:: title¶
A generic admonition, with an optional title. The content of the directive should be written in complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
例:
This is a title
This is the content of the admonition.
- .. seealso::¶
Many sections include a list of references to module documentation or external documents. These lists are created using the
seealso
directive.The
seealso
directive is typically placed in a section just before any subsections. The content of theseealso
directive should be either a single line or a reStructuredText definition list.サンプル:
.. seealso:: Python's :py:mod:`zipfile` module Documentation of Python's standard :py:mod:`zipfile` module. `GNU tar manual, Basic Tar Format <https://example.org>`_ Documentation for tar archive files, including GNU tar extensions.
参考
- Module
zipfile
Documentation of the
zipfile
standard module.- GNU tar manual, Basic Tar Format
Documentation for tar archive files, including GNU tar extensions.
- Module
Describing changes between versions¶
- .. versionadded:: version [brief explanation]¶
This directive documents the version of the project which added the described feature. When this applies to an entire module or component, it should be placed at the top of the relevant section before any prose.
最初の引数は必須で、バージョン番号を書く必要があります。2番目の引数も追加でき、変化に対する 短い 説明を書くことができます。
注意
There must be no blank line between the directive head and the explanation; this is to make these blocks visually continuous in the markup.
サンプル:
.. versionadded:: 2.5 The *spam* parameter.
Added in version 2.5: The spam parameter.
- .. versionchanged:: version [brief explanation]¶
versionadded
と似ていますが、現在説明している機能がいつどのように変化したのか(新しい引数、副作用の変更など)を説明するのに使用します。サンプル:
.. versionchanged:: 2.8 The *spam* parameter is now of type *boson*.
バージョン 2.8 で変更: The spam parameter is now of type boson.
- .. deprecated:: version [brief explanation]¶
Similar to
versionadded
, but describes when the feature was deprecated. A brief explanation can also be given, for example to tell the reader what to use instead.サンプル:
.. deprecated:: 3.1 Use :py:func:`spam` instead.
バージョン 3.1 で非推奨: Use
spam()
instead.
- .. versionremoved:: version [brief explanation]¶
Similar to
versionadded
, but describes when the feature was removed. An explanation may be provided to tell the reader what to use instead, or why the feature was removed.Added in version 7.3.
サンプル:
.. versionremoved:: 4.0 The :py:func:`spam` function is more flexible, and should be used instead.
Removed in version 4.0: The
spam()
function is more flexible, and should be used instead.
Presentational¶
- .. rubric:: title¶
A rubric is like an informal heading that doesn't correspond to the document's structure, i.e. it does not create a table of contents node.
注釈
もし rubricディレクティブの タイトル が"Footnotes"(もしくは選択された言語で指定されている、同様の言葉)だった場合には、脚注の定義だけが含まれていると見なして、LaTeXライターでは無視されます。この場合は空の見出しだけが作成されます。
オプション
- :class: class names (a list of class names, separated by spaces)¶
Assign class attributes. This is a common option.
- :name: label (text)¶
An implicit target name that can be referenced using
ref
. This is a common option.
- :heading-level: n (number from 1 to 6)¶
Added in version 7.4.1.
Use this option to specify the heading level of the rubric. In this case the rubric will be rendered as
<h1>
to<h6>
for HTML output, or as the corresponding non-numbered sectioning command for LaTeX (seelatex_toplevel_sectioning
).
- .. centered::¶
This directive creates a centered boldfaced line of text.
バージョン 1.1 で非推奨: This presentation-only directive is a legacy from older versions. Use a rst-class directive instead and add an appropriate style.
- .. hlist::¶
このディレクティブは短い文章のリストを含みます。このディレクティブは、水平にも数カラム展開することで、よりコンパクトなリストに変換するか、アイテム間のスペースを小さくします。どちらになるかはビルダー次第です。
オプション
- :columns: n (int)¶
The number of columns; defaults to 2. For example:
.. hlist:: :columns: 3 * A list of * short items * that should be * displayed * horizontally
Added in version 0.6.
コードサンプルの表示¶
There are multiple ways to show syntax-highlighted literal code blocks in Sphinx:
using reStructuredText literal blocks, optionally in combination with the
highlight
directive;using the
code-block
directive;and using the
literalinclude
directive.
Doctest blocks can only be used
to show interactive Python sessions, while the remaining three can be used for
other languages. Of these three, literal blocks are useful when an entire
document, or at least large sections of it, use code blocks with the same
syntax and which should be styled in the same manner. On the other hand, the
code-block
directive makes more sense when you want more fine-tuned
control over the styling of each block or when you have a document containing
code blocks using multiple varied syntaxes. Finally, the
literalinclude
directive is useful for including entire code files
in your documentation.
In all cases, Syntax highlighting is provided by Pygments. When using literal blocks, this is configured using
any highlight
directives in the source file. When a highlight
directive is encountered, it is used until the next highlight
directive is
encountered. If there is no highlight
directive in the file, the global
highlighting language is used. This defaults to python
but can be
configured using the highlight_language
config value. The following
values are supported:
none
(ハイライトしない)default
(similar topython3
but with a fallback tonone
without warning highlighting fails; the default whenhighlight_language
isn't set)guess
(Pygmentsに推測させます。推測しやすい言語でないとうまく動作しません)python
rest
c
... and any other lexer alias that Pygments supports
選択された言語によるハイライトがうまくいかなかった場合(例えば、Pygmentsが"Error"トークンを出す等)には、そのブロックはハイライトされなくなります。
重要
The list of lexer aliases supported is tied to the Pygment version. If you want to ensure consistent highlighting, you should fix your version of Pygments.
- .. highlight:: language¶
サンプル:
.. highlight:: c
This language is used until the next
highlight
directive is encountered. As discussed previously, language can be any lexer alias supported by Pygments.オプション
- :linenothreshold: threshold (number (optional))¶
Enable to generate line numbers for code blocks.
This option takes an optional number as threshold parameter. If any threshold given, the directive will produce line numbers only for the code blocks longer than N lines. If not given, line numbers will be produced for all of code blocks.
サンプル:
.. highlight:: python :linenothreshold: 5
- :force: (no value)¶
If given, minor errors on highlighting are ignored.
Added in version 2.1.
- .. code-block:: [language]¶
- .. sourcecode:: [language]¶
- .. code:: [language]¶
サンプル:
.. code-block:: ruby Some Ruby code.
The directive's alias name
sourcecode
works as well. This directive takes a language name as an argument. It can be any lexer alias supported by Pygments. If it is not given, the setting ofhighlight
directive will be used. If not set,highlight_language
will be used. To display a code example inline within other text, rather than as a separate block, you can use thecode
role instead.バージョン 2.0 で変更: The
language
argument becomes optional.オプション
- :linenos: (no value)¶
Enable to generate line numbers for the code block:
.. code-block:: ruby :linenos: Some more Ruby code.
- :lineno-start: number (number)¶
Set the first line number of the code block. If present,
linenos
option is also automatically activated:.. code-block:: ruby :lineno-start: 10 Some more Ruby code, with line numbering starting at 10.
Added in version 1.3.
- :emphasize-lines: line numbers (comma separated numbers)¶
Emphasize particular lines of the code block:
.. code-block:: python :emphasize-lines: 3,5 def some_function(): interesting = False print('This line is highlighted.') print('This one is not...') print('...but this one is.')
Added in version 1.1.
バージョン 1.6.6 で変更: LaTeX が
emphasize-lines
オプションをサポートしました。
- :force: (no value)¶
Ignore minor errors on highlighting.
Added in version 2.1.
Set a caption to the code block.
Added in version 1.3.
- :name: a label for hyperlink (text)¶
Define implicit target name that can be referenced by using
ref
. For example:.. code-block:: python :caption: this.py :name: this-py print('Explicit is better than implicit.')
In order to cross-reference a code-block using either the
ref
or thenumref
role, it is necessary that both name and caption be defined. The argument of name can then be given tonumref
to generate the cross-reference. Example:See :numref:`this-py` for an example.
When using
ref
, it is possible to generate a cross-reference with only name defined, provided an explicit title is given. Example:See :ref:`this code snippet <this-py>` for an example.
Added in version 1.3.
- :class: class names (a list of class names separated by spaces)¶
Assign class attributes. This is a common option.
Added in version 1.4.
- :dedent: number (number or no value)¶
Strip indentation characters from the code block. When number given, leading N characters are removed. When no argument given, leading spaces are removed via
textwrap.dedent()
. For example:.. code-block:: ruby :linenos: :dedent: 4 some ruby code
Added in version 1.3.
バージョン 3.5 で変更: Support automatic dedent.
- .. literalinclude:: filename¶
Longer displays of verbatim text may be included by storing the example text in an external file containing only plain text. The file may be included using the
literalinclude
directive. [3] For example, to include the Python source fileexample.py
, use:.. literalinclude:: example.py
ソースコードのファイルは通常、現在のパスからの相対パスで指定します。
/
から開始されているときはトップのソースディレクトリからのパス指定をできます。General options
- :class: class names (a list of class names, separated by spaces)¶
Assign class attributes. This is a common option.
Added in version 1.4.
- :name: label (text)¶
An implicit target name that can be referenced using
ref
. This is a common option.Added in version 1.3.
Add a caption above the included content. If no argument is given, the filename is used as the caption.
Added in version 1.3.
Options for formatting
- :dedent: number (number or no value)¶
Strip indentation characters from the included content. When a number is given, the leading N characters are removed. When no argument given, all common leading indentation is removed (using
textwrap.dedent()
).Added in version 1.3.
バージョン 3.5 で変更: Support automatic dedent.
- :tab-width: N (number)¶
Expand tabs to N spaces.
Added in version 1.0.
- :encoding: (text)¶
Explicitly specify the encoding of the file. This overwrites the default encoding (
source_encoding
). For example:.. literalinclude:: example.txt :encoding: latin-1
Added in version 0.4.3.
- :linenos: (no value)¶
Show line numbers alongside the included content. By default, line numbers are counted from 1. This can be changed by the options
:lineno-start:
and:lineno-match:
.
- :lineno-start: number (number)¶
Set line number for the first line to show. If given, this automatically activates
:linenos:
.
- :lineno-match:¶
When including only parts of a file and show the original line numbers. This is only allowed only when the selection consists of contiguous lines.
Added in version 1.3.
- :emphasize-lines: line numbers (comma separated numbers)¶
Emphasise particular lines of the included content. For example:
.. literalinclude:: example.txt :emphasize-lines: 1,2,4-6
- :language: language (text)¶
Select a highlighting language (Pygments lexer) different from the current file's standard language (set by
highlight
orhighlight_language
).
- :force: (no value)¶
Ignore minor errors in highlighting.
Added in version 2.1.
Options for selecting the content to include
- :pyobject: object (text)¶
For Python files, only include the specified class, function or method:
.. literalinclude:: example.py :pyobject: Timer.start
Added in version 0.6.
- :lines: line numbers (comma separated numbers)¶
Specify exactly which lines to include:
.. literalinclude:: example.py :lines: 1,3,5-10,20-
This includes line 1, line 3, lines 5 to 10, and line 20 to the end.
Added in version 0.6.
- :start-at: text¶
- :start-after: text¶
- :end-before: text¶
- :end-at: text¶
Another way to control which part of the file is included is to use the
start-after
andend-before
options (or only one of them). Ifstart-after
is given as a string option, only lines that follow the first line containing that string are included. Ifend-before
is given as a string option, only lines that precede the first lines containing that string are included. Thestart-at
andend-at
options behave in a similar way, but the lines containing the matched string are included.start-after
/start-at
andend-before
/end-at
can have same string.start-after
/start-at
filter lines before the line that contains the option string (start-at
will keep the line). Thenend-before
/end-at
filter lines after the line that contains the option string (end-at
will keep the line andend-before
skip the first line).Added in version 0.6: Added the
start-after
andend-before
options.Added in version 1.5: Added the
start-at
, andend-at
options.Tip
To only select
[second-section]
of an INI file such as the following, use:start-at: [second-section]
and:end-before: [third-section]
:[first-section] var_in_first=true [second-section] var_in_second=true [third-section] var_in_third=true
These options can be useful when working with tag comments. Using
:start-after: [initialise]
and:end-before: [initialised]
keeps the lines between between the two comments below:if __name__ == "__main__": # [initialise] app.start(":8000") # [initialised]
When lines have been selected in any of the ways described above, the line numbers in
emphasize-lines
refer to these selected lines, counted consecutively starting from 1.
- :prepend: line (text)¶
Prepend a line before the included code. This can be useful for example when highlighting PHP code that doesn't include the
<?php
or?>
markers.Added in version 1.0.
- :append: line (text)¶
Append a line after the included code. This can be useful for example when highlighting PHP code that doesn't include the
<?php
or?>
markers.Added in version 1.0.
- :diff: filename¶
Show the diff of two files. For example:
.. literalinclude:: example.txt :diff: example.txt.orig
This shows the diff between
example.txt
andexample.txt.orig
with unified diff format.Added in version 1.3.
バージョン 0.6 で変更: Added support for absolute filenames.
バージョン 1.6 で変更:
start-after
とlines
の両方を使っているときは、start-after
を基準とした先頭行がlines
における行番号1
となります。
用語集¶
- .. glossary::¶
This directive must contain a reStructuredText definition-list-like markup with terms and definitions. The definitions will then be referenceable with the
term
role. Example:.. glossary:: environment A structure where information about all documents under the root is saved, and used for cross-referencing. The environment is pickled after the parsing stage, so that successive runs only need to read and parse new and changed documents. source directory The directory which, including its subdirectories, contains all source files for one Sphinx project.
通常の定義リストとは異なり、一つのエントリーに対して、複数の 用語を定義できます。それぞれの用語に対してインラインマークアップを使えます。また、すべての用語への参照も可能です:
.. glossary:: term 1 term 2 Definition of both terms.
(用語集がソートされる場合、最初の項がソート順序を決定します。)
一般的な索引項目に "グループ化キー" を指定する場合は、 "キー" を "term : key" とします。例えば:
.. glossary:: term 1 : A term 2 : B Definition of both terms.
キーをそのままグループ化する場合は、 "key" を使用します。 "key" は正規化されません。key "A" とkey "a" は異なるグループになります。 "key" 内のすべての文字が最初の文字の代わりに使用されます。 "文字シーケンスの結合" と "代理ペア" のグルーピングキーに使用します。
i18nの場合、原文が "term" のみの場合でも "localized term : key" を指定できますが、この場合、翻訳された "localized term" は "key" グループに分類されます。
バージョン 1.1 で変更: 複数の用語をサポートし、また、用語の中でインラインマークアップを使えるようになりました。
バージョン 1.4 で変更: Index key for glossary term should be considered experimental.
オプション
- :sorted:¶
Sort the entries alphabetically.
Added in version 0.6.
バージョン 4.4 で変更: In internationalized documentation, sort according to translated terms.
メタ情報マークアップ¶
- .. sectionauthor:: name <email>¶
現在のセクションの著者名を指定します。引数には必ず、表示するための著者の名前と、電子メールのアドレスを入れます。アドレスのドメイン名の部分は小文字でなければなりません。 サンプル:
.. sectionauthor:: Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
デフォルトでは、このマークアップは出力に反映されません(貢献者の名前を調べる手助けにはなります)。しかし、設定ファイルの
show_authors
をTrue
に設定すると、出力ファイルの中にこの情報に関する段落が作成されます。
- .. codeauthor:: name <email>¶
codeauthor
ディレクティブは、sectionauthor
の名前と同じく、説明しているコードの作者名について、複数人書くことができます。show_authors
設定値をTrue
にしないかぎり、出力はされません。
インデックス生成のためのマークアップ¶
Sphinx automatically creates index entries from all object descriptions (like functions, classes or attributes) like discussed in Domains.
しかし、これ以外に明示的に指定するディレクティブもあります。これを使用することで、言語のリファレンスのように、メインの情報のユニットが存在しない情報をドキュメントの中に書いてインデックスのエントリーを作ることができるようになります。より包括的なインデックスを作成できるようになります。
- .. index:: <entries>¶
このディレクティブは一つ以上のインデックスのエントリーを含みます。それぞれのエントリーはコロン(:)で区切られた、タイプ、値を含みます。
例えば:
.. index:: single: execution; context pair: module; __main__ pair: module; sys triple: module; search; path seealso: scope The execution context --------------------- ...
このディレクティブは5つのエントリーを含んでいます。これらは生成されたインデックスのエントリーに変換され、index文の正確な位置へのリンクが張られることになります。オフラインのメディアに出力される場合には、リンクの代わりに対応するページ番号が出力されます。
indexディレクティブはそのソースの位置のターゲットとのクロスリファレンスを生成するため、それらが参照するものの 前の位置 に置くことが大切になります。上記のサンプルコードの例では、リンクを張りたい見出しの前に配置されています。
設定可能なエントリーのタイプは以下の通りです:
- single
Creates a single index entry. Can be made a sub-entry by separating the sub-entry text with a semicolon (this notation is also used below to describe what entries are created). Examples:
.. index:: single: execution single: execution; context
single: execution
creates an index entry labelledexecution
.single: execution; context
creates an sub-entry ofexecution
labelledcontext
.
- pair
A shortcut to create two index entries. The pair of values must be separated by a semicolon. Example:
.. index:: pair: loop; statement
This would create two index entries;
loop; statement
andstatement; loop
.- triple
A shortcut to create three index entries. All three values must be separated by a semicolon. Example:
.. index:: triple: module; search; path
This would create three index entries;
module; search path
,search; path, module
, andpath; module search
.- see
A shortcut to create an index entry that refers to another entry. Example:
.. index:: see: entry; other
This would create an index entry referring from
entry
toother
(i.e. 'entry': See 'other').- seealso
see
と似ていますが、 'see' の代わりに、 'see also' を挿入します。- module, keyword, operator, object, exception, statement, builtin
These deprecated shortcuts all create two index entries. For example,
module: hashlib
creates the entriesmodule; hashlib
andhashlib; module
.バージョン 1.0 で非推奨: These Python-specific entry types are deprecated.
バージョン 7.1 で変更: Removal version set to Sphinx 9.0. Using these entry types will now emit warnings with the
index
category.
もしエクスクラメーションマーク(!)を前に付けると、主要なインデックスエントリーである、ということを表現できます。主要なインデックスは、生成されたインデックスの中で強調されます。例えば、2つのページが次のようなディレクティブを持っていたとします:
.. index:: Python
そして、次の内容を含むページがあったとします:
.. index:: ! Python
この場合、最後のページへのバックリンクが3つの中では強調されて表示されます。
"single"のエントリーだけが含まれるindexディレクティブの場合、以下のように短縮記法で簡単に作成することもできます:
.. index:: BNF, grammar, syntax, notation
これは4つのインデックスのエントリーが作成されます。
バージョン 1.1 で変更:
see
とseealso
を追加しました。オプション
- :name: a label for hyperlink (text)¶
Define implicit target name that can be referenced by using
ref
. For example:.. index:: Python :name: py-index
Added in version 3.0.
- :index:¶
index
ディレクティブは、ブロックレベルのマークアップで、次のパラグラフの先頭に対するリンクを生成します。これとは別に、直接リンクターゲットに設定するロールもあります。ロールのコンテンツは、文章の中にあるシンプルなフレーズで、そのままインデックスのエントリーとして使用されます。テキストと入力エントリーの組み合わせになっていて、明示的なクロスリファレンスのターゲットになります。この場合、ターゲットの部分は上記で説明したディレクティブの機能をフルに使うことができます:
This is a normal reStructuredText :index:`paragraph` that contains several :index:`index entries <pair: index; entry>`.
Added in version 1.1.
テーブル¶
Use reStructuredText tables, i.e. either
grid table syntax (ref),
simple table syntax (ref),
csv-table syntax,
or list-table syntax.
The table directive serves as optional wrapper of the grid and simple syntaxes.
They work fine in HTML output, but rendering tables to LaTeX is complex.
Check the latex_table_style
.
バージョン 1.6 で変更: Merged cells (multi-row, multi-column, both) from grid tables containing complex contents such as multiple paragraphs, blockquotes, lists, literal blocks, will render correctly to LaTeX output.
- .. tabularcolumns:: column spec¶
This directive influences only the LaTeX output for the next table in source. The mandatory argument is a column specification (known as an "alignment preamble" in LaTeX idiom). Please refer to a LaTeX documentation, such as the wiki page, for basics of such a column specification.
Added in version 0.3.
注釈
tabularcolumns
conflicts with:widths:
option of table directives. If both are specified,:widths:
option will be ignored.Sphinx will render tables with more than 30 rows with
longtable
. Besides thel
,r
,c
andp{width}
column specifiers, one can also use\X{a}{b}
(new in version 1.5) which configures the column width to be a fractiona/b
of the total line width and\Y{f}
(new in version 1.6) wheref
is a decimal: for example\Y{0.2}
means that the column will occupy0.2
times the line width.When this directive is used for a table with at most 30 rows, Sphinx will render it with
tabulary
. One can then use specific column typesL
(left),R
(right),C
(centered) andJ
(justified). They have the effect of ap{width}
(i.e. each cell is a LaTeX\parbox
) with the specified internal text alignment and an automatically computedwidth
.警告
Cells that contain list-like elements such as object descriptions, blockquotes or any kind of lists are not compatible with the
LRCJ
column types. The column type must then be somep{width}
with an explicitwidth
(or\X{a}{b}
or\Y{f}
).Literal blocks do not work with
tabulary
at all. Sphinx will fall back totabular
orlongtable
environments and generate a suitable column specification.
In absence of the tabularcolumns
directive, and for a table with at
most 30 rows and no problematic cells as described in the above warning,
Sphinx uses tabulary
and the J
column-type for every column.
バージョン 1.6 で変更: Formerly, the L
column-type was used (text is flushed-left). To revert
to this, include \newcolumntype{T}{L}
in the LaTeX preamble, as in fact
Sphinx uses T
and sets it by default to be an alias of J
.
ヒント
A frequent issue with tabulary
is that columns with little contents
appear to be "squeezed". One can add to the LaTeX preamble for example
\setlength{\tymin}{40pt}
to ensure a minimal column width of 40pt
,
the tabulary
default of 10pt
being too small.
ヒント
To force usage of the LaTeX longtable
environment pass longtable
as
a :class:
option to table, csv-table, or
list-table. Use rst-class for other tables.
Math¶
数式の入力言語としてはLaTeXのマークアップを利用します。これはプレーンテキストで数式を表現する記法としてはデファクトスタンダードになっています。また、LaTeX出力を行う場合には、変換をしないでそのまま利用できるというメリットもあります。
autodoc
で読み込まれた Python docstrings の中に数式を入れるときには、すべてのバックスラッシュを二重にするか、Pythonのraw strings (r"raw"
) を使う必要があることに注意してください。
- .. math::¶
数式を表示するディレクティブです。この数式は1行丸ごと使って表示されます。
このディレクティブは、複数行の等式をサポートしています。複数行に記述したい場合には、空行で区切ります:
.. math:: (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 (a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2
それぞれの数式は
分割された
環境にセットされます。もしも、複数行の等式をきれいに整列させたい場合には、\\
で区切って、&
記号を使って整列させます:.. math:: (a + b)^2 &= (a + b)(a + b) \\ &= a^2 + 2ab + b^2
もっと詳しく知りたい場合には AmSMath LaTeX パッケージ のドキュメントを参照してください。
数式が一行のテキストに収まる場合には、ディレクティブの引数として記述もできます:
.. math:: (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2
オプション
- :class: class names (a list of class names, separated by spaces)¶
Assign class attributes. This is a common option.
- :name: label (text)¶
An implicit target name that can be referenced using
ref
. This is a common option.
- :label: label (text)¶
通常、数式には番号が付きません。数式に番号をつけたい場合は、
label
オプションを使用してください。これが指定されると、数式のラベルを選択できます。この数式のラベルを使ってクロスリファレンスを作成することができます。例はeq
を参照してください。ナンバリングの形式は出力フォーマットに依存します。
- :nowrap:¶
Prevent wrapping of the given math in a math environment. When you give this option, you must make sure yourself that the math is properly set up. For example:
.. math:: :nowrap: \begin{eqnarray} y & = & ax^2 + bx + c \\ f(x) & = & x^2 + 2xy + y^2 \end{eqnarray}
参考
- SphinxにおけるHTML出力での数式サポート
Rendering options for math with HTML builders.
latex_engine
Explains how to configure LaTeX builder to support Unicode literals in math mark-up.
文法規則表示¶
形式がきちんとした文法の規則を表示するための特別なマークアップを利用できます。マークアップはシンプルに作られています。その代わりに、BNFや、BNFの派生の記法をすべてのモデル化することは目標とされていませんが、文脈自由文法を表現するには十分な機能を持っていて、シンボルを書くと、定義にリンクが張られるようにレンダリングされます。以下のディレクティブがあります:
- .. productionlist:: [productionGroup]¶
This directive is used to enclose a group of productions. Each production is given on a single line and consists of a name, separated by a colon from the following definition. If the definition spans multiple lines, each continuation line must begin with a colon placed at the same column as in the first line. Blank lines are not allowed within
productionlist
directive arguments.The definition can contain token names which are marked as interpreted text (e.g., "
sum ::= `integer` "+" `integer`
") -- this generates cross-references to the productions of these tokens. Outside of the production list, you can reference to token productions usingtoken
.The productionGroup argument to
productionlist
serves to distinguish different sets of production lists that belong to different grammars. Multiple production lists with the same productionGroup thus define rules in the same scope.Inside of the production list, tokens implicitly refer to productions from the current group. You can refer to the production of another grammar by prefixing the token with its group name and a colon, e.g, "
otherGroup:sum
". If the group of the token should not be shown in the production, it can be prefixed by a tilde, e.g., "~otherGroup:sum
". To refer to a production from an unnamed grammar, the token should be prefixed by a colon, e.g., ":sum
".Outside of the production list, if you have given a productionGroup argument you must prefix the token name in the cross-reference with the group name and a colon, e.g., "
myGroup:sum
" instead of just "sum
". If the group should not be shown in the title of the link either an explicit title can be given (e.g., "myTitle <myGroup:sum>
"), or the target can be prefixed with a tilde (e.g., "~myGroup:sum
").Note that no further reStructuredText parsing is done in the production, so that you don't have to escape
*
or|
characters.
次のサンプルは、Pythonのリファレンスマニュアルにあった構文をSphinxで表現したものです:
.. productionlist::
try_stmt: try1_stmt | try2_stmt
try1_stmt: "try" ":" `suite`
: ("except" [`expression` ["," `target`]] ":" `suite`)+
: ["else" ":" `suite`]
: ["finally" ":" `suite`]
try2_stmt: "try" ":" `suite`
: "finally" ":" `suite`
脚注